Answer:
British rule
Explanation:
Although the options are not included in this question, India's movement for independence among nationalists started in the 1800s as a reaction to British rule. The British Raj was the rule of the Indian subcontinent by the British from 1858 to 1947, the year in which Indian independence was achieved. Although this rule brought some benefits to India, it also brought significant oppression, as well as the exploitation of India's people and natural resources.
